Nama :
Syuhada M
Kelas : 3 EB 13
NPM :
22209295
Tugas : B. Inggris 3
In
776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to
honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the
need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create
competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of
youth. Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing,
boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the
winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly
honored by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung
about their deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship,
and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They
also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities
represented.
The Greeks attached so much
importance to the games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called
“Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities
and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the
gods. Any who disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These
athletes brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they
represented.
1.
Which of the following is NOT true?
a. Winners placed
olive wreaths on their own heads.
b. The games were
held in Greece every four years.
c. Battles
were interrupted to participate in the games.
d. Poem glorified
the winners in song.
Jawab : C. Battles were
interrupted to participate in the games.
Alasan : Karena
dalam paragraf bacaan di atas dijelaskan bahwa “The contest coincided
with religious festivities and
constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the
gods.”
2.
The word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…
a.
Aristocracy c.
intellectuals
b. Brave d. muscular
Jawab : A.
Aristocracy.
Alasan : karena pengertian dari “elite”
adalah golongan atas atau orang terkemuka dan
pengertian “Aristocracy” adalah kaum bangsawan.
3.
Why were the Olympic Games held?
a. To
stop
wars
c. To crown the best athletes
b.
To honor
Zeus
d. To sing songs about the athletes
Jawab: B. To honor Zeus.
Alasan
: Karena dalam kalimat pertama (paragraf pertama) dijelaskan bahwa “In 776
B.C., the first Olympic Games were
held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus.”
4.
Approximately how many years ago did these games originate?
a.
800
years
b. 1,200
years
c. 2,300 years
d. 2,800 years
Jawab: D. 2800 years.
Alasan: Karena dalam paragraf di atas
disebutkan bahwa Olympic Games diadakan
pertama kali tahun 776 Sebelum Masehi (776 B.C). Perhitungannya :
sekarang
tahun 2012 jadi Olympic Games terjadi sejak 2012 + 776 = 2788 atau
kurang
lebih sekitar 2800 tahun yang lalu.
5.
What conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
a.
They were pacifists.
b.
They believed athletic events were important
c.
They were very simple
d.
They couldn’t count, so they used “Olympiads” for dates
Jawab: B. They believed athletic
events were important.
Alasan : Karena dalam kalimat pertama
(paragraf kedua) dijelaskan bahwa “The Greeks
attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in
four-
year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
6.
What is the main idea of this passage?
a. Physical
fitness was an integral part of the lives of the ancient Greeks
b. The Greeks severely punished those who did
not participate in physical fitness programs
c. The
Greeks had always encouraged everyone to participate in the games
d. The Greeks had the games coincide with
religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were
over.
Jawab: D. The Greeks had the games
coincide with religious festivities so that they
could go back to war when the
games were over.
Alasan : Karena dalam kalimat kedua (paragraf
kedua) dijelaskan bahwa “The contest
coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort
on the part
of the participants to please the gods.”
7.
In line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to
a. Accomplishments
b.
Ancestors
c. Documents
d.
Property
Jawab : A. Accomplishments.
Alasan :Karena pengertian dari “deeds”
adalah perbuatan atau tindakan dan pengertian
“Accomplishments” adalah prestasi. Yang
dimaksud dalam paragraf di atas
adalah perbuatan atau prestasi yang telah diperbuat.
8. Which of the following was ultimately
required of all athletes competing in the Olympics?
a. They must have completed military service
b.
They had to attend special training sessions
c. They had to be Greek males with no
criminal record
d.
They had to be very religious
Jawab : C. They had to be Greek males
with no criminal record.
Alasan : Karena dalam kalimat ketiga
(paragraf pertama) dijelaskan bahwa “but later
the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.”
9.
The word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..
a. Encourages
b.
Started
c. Curtailed
d.
Fixed
Jawab : C.
Curtailed.
Alasan : Karena pengertian dari “halted”
adalah dihentikan dan pengertian “Curtailed”
adalah dibatasi.
10. What is
an “Olympiad”?
a. The time it took to finish the games
b.
The time between games
c. The it took to finish a war
d.
The time it took the athletes to train
Jawab : B. The time between games.
Alasan : Karena dalam kalimat pertama
(paragraf kedua) dijelaskan bahwa “the games
that they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating
from
776 B.C.”
STYLISTIC
PROBLEMS
1. The defendant refused to answer the
prosecutor’s questions ____________
a. Because he was afraid it would incriminate
him.
b. For fear that they will incriminate him
c. Because he was afraid that his answers
would incriminate him
d. Fearing that he will be incriminated by it
Jawab :
C. Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him.
Alasan : Karena “questions” adalah bentuk
jamak dan “that his answers” juga berbentuk
jamak.
2.
Mrs. Walker has returned_______________
a. A wallet back to its original owner
b. To its original owner the wallet
c. The wallet to its originally owner
d. The wallet to its original owner
Jawab :
D. The wallet to its original owner.
Alasan : Karena kata “return” diikuti dengan
kata “to” dan owner diikuti dengan adverb.
3.
The hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.
a. The government twenty million dollars
b.
For the government twenty million dollars
c. To the government twenty million dollars
d.
Twenty million of dollars to the government
Jawab :
A. The government twenty million dollars.
Alasan : Karena struktur dari kalimat
tersebut yaitu setelah verb dilanjutkan dengan
objek.
4.
Sarah ____________ that she could not attend classes next week.
a. Told to her professors
b.
Said her professors
c. Told her professors
d.
Is telling her professors
Jawab :
C. Told her professors.
Alasan : Karena susunan yang benar adalah
tidak menggunakan “to
5.
The artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because___________
a. He painted very good
b.
They believed he painted well
c. Of their belief that he was an good
artist
d.
The judges had been told of his talents
Jawab :
B. They believed he painted well.
Alasan : Karena susunan yang paling tepat
adalah setelah verb dibutuhkan adverb,
bukan adjective.
6.
If motorists do not observe(A) the (B) traffic regulations, they
(C) will be stopped, ticketed, and have to pay a fine (D).
Jawab: If motorists do not observe the
traffic regulations, they will be stopped, ticketed,
and have to be paid a fine.
Alasan: Karena “stopped” dan “ticketed”
dalam bentuk pasif, maka “have to pay a fine”
juga harus dalam bentuk pasif.
7. Fred, who usually conducts the choir
rehearsalsu (A), did not show up (B) last night because he had
(C) an accident on his way to the practice (D).
Jawab: Fred, who usually conducts the
choir rehearsal, did not show up last night
because he had an accident on his way to the
practice.
Alasan : Karena bukan merupakan verb dari
kata “the choir”, maka kata “rehearsals”
tidak memerlukan huruf “s”.
8. A short time (A) before her
operation last (B) month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams (C) of her daughter
who lives overseas (D).
Jawab : A short time before her operation
last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her
daughter who lives
overseas.
Alasan : Karena kalimat di atas bentuknya
lampau terlihat pada kata “last month”, maka
kata “dreams”
seharusnya juga dalam bentuk lampau dan diubah menjadi
“dreamed”.
9.
The atmosphere in Andalucía (A) is open, warm, and gives a welcome
feeling (B) to all who (C) have the good (D) fortune to visit
there.
Jawab: The atmosphere in Andalucía is open,
warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
that have the good fortune to visit
there.
Alasan: Karena kata “that” digunakan untuk
menjelaskan "the atmosphere".
10. Some
of the (A) people were standing (B) in the street watched
(C) the parade,
while
others (D) were singing songs.
Jawab: Some of the people were standing in
the street watching the parade, while
others were
singing songs.
Alasan: Karena kalimat ini merupakan past
participle, maka kata kerjanya
menggunakan
verb-ing.
